The word “sewage” means a whole system of interconnectedly functioning pipelines, plumbing devices, locking and distribution reinforcement, performed according to accurate calculations, and ensuring the normal vital activity of all the inhabitants of the apartment. In order for this structure of engineering networks to work without failures and repair, it is necessary, firstly, to perform its installation in a new apartment in a qualified manner (or replacement in the operated housing stock); Secondly, to properly operate all elements; thirdly, periodically carry out the prevention of components and mechanisms, as well as timely carry out repair of sewage systems at the first failures in operation. As you can see, this is a rather complicated intra -apartment mechanism, the maintenance of which goes beyond the framework of one dwelling. Therefore, professionals should deal with it.
It is important to understand how the sewage system works as a whole
In this case, the dictum “money does not smell” does not quite correspond to reality: “smells” with the same repairs with a good amount that needs to be laid out for the purchase of all materials and nodes. But even more will have to spend their “blood” on the services of specialists conducting the repair of the sewage system. Therefore, you must always provide for this expenditure article of the budget and prepare in advance for the replacement of the system. However, quite often there are “emergency” cases when it is necessary to save not only themselves, but the neighbors from below. Then you have to carry out repairs on your own.
ABC for beginners
Any business, especially as serious as the overhaul of the sewage system, needs the necessary baggage of knowledge and thorough preparation. The preparation of the acquisition of materials, the duration of the repair and its complexity is dependent on these components.
The mandatory paragraph of the process is the preparation of the installation scheme of the future system. It is especially relevant for the old -building residential sector, in which the “Sovdepovskaya” wiring has already been installed. As practice shows, years of operation, even “eternal” cast iron into unusable. Therefore, when planning repairs, as a rule, rusty rotten elements of the system are changed to wear -resistant, durable, resistant to aggressive environments, temperature extremes, high pressure (about 10 atm.) metal -plastic. The smooth inner surface of the networks from such material does not delay mucus, dirt, solid waste, helps to prevent blockages. So that the drain waters are not “rammed”, moving along the sewer branches, their sound insulation should be provided.
For information. Regulatory documents (GOST 22689.0-89 and GOST 22689.2-89) regulate in sewer systems the use of polymer, ceramic, asbestos-cement, the same cast-iron, as well as polyethylene pipes.
The new scheme should display:
the location of the risers;
installation of plumbing priests and fittings connecting bells;
sites with pipes of different diameters, pr.
Sewer “arteries” are selected with a diameter of 40 or 50 m. In exceptional cases, when a segment of the riser to the most remote system of the system is not more than 7 m, you can use the product with a section of 32 mm. The same option (32 mm) is allowed in the presence of separate risers, in which liquid waste from each plumbing is directly flowing out (for example, the kitchen is represented only by a drain from the sink). The riser in the diameter should not be less than 110 mm (160, 200 mm).
“Evasive” moments
The effectiveness of the system is ensured by the correct design
The functionality of the sewage system largely depends on the correctly calculated and made during installation of the size of the bias of the pipes. The basic rules for the sewage system with your own hands: the correct operating conditions suggest that the internal pressure of the sewage riser be maintained a little more than in the atmosphere; slopes are oriented only from the toilet, shells, other. to the riser, and not vice versa; The ratio is necessarily withstanding: for each meter of the route it is rang out from 20 to 150 mm.
Important: the necessary slope is the value obtained by subtracting the heights of the entrance to the sewer bell under the siphon and the output located in the tee of the fan riser.
What you need to have at hand?
Electricity.
File.
Pressing keys.
Hammer.
Sealant.
Pencil.
Welding tool (if polypropylene pipes are used).
Scabbard or Bulgarian.
Scurgery.
The market offers a huge selection of consumables
There is no reason to panic if you know where to start
In most cases, the installation of sewage systems begin with notification of neighbors about temporary inconvenience and upcoming repair, overlap the water supply, removal of old pipes and devices. According to a pre -prepared scheme, the location of plumbing devices and household appliances indicating the size of slopes and the diameter of the pipes are indicated. The presence of pipes is compared in place, after which the scheme on the floor is assembled in the draft version.
Important: this stage of work is preceded by a thorough revision of fittings, pipes for the identification of possible defects obtained both in the manufacture and during transportation.
If necessary, with a hacksaw, the excess length of the highway is cut strictly at right angles, but the required supply of 15 mm of the free ends of the pipes should still remain. The edges are sharpened to a smooth state with a file in order to avoid the formation of a burr – sources of accumulation of dirt and deposits during operation. Charms are removed. The branches are immediately oriented in the right direction: they should approach a specific plumbing device.
Note: As a rule, the apartment of the apartment is equipped with three taps, with the connection to the riser. On one of them “sits” a sink in the kitchen and a dishwasher unit. On another, leaving the bath – a cabin or box, a bath, “washing”, a washbasin, pr. The third challenge (the smallest length) removes the waste from the Pussuar, the toilet. Rubber seals are required.
Replacing the riser
First dismantling
Previously overlapping the fan analogue. If dismantling is not provided using the united keys, the outdated system is disassembled or knocked out. The old pipe is cut off on the site from the lower tee to the ceiling, leaving 150 mm to fix the adapter on it, which artifies the remaining cast -iron segment with plastic. A new riser from PVC in its upper part is mounted in this adapter. The lower segment is inserted into the remaining non -dismantled tee.
When replacing the riser, you should have a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm and cuffs (from plastic to cast iron, from cast iron to plastic) for connecting the riser and pipe. To isolate the place of work from liquid waste flowing from above, a pneumatic plug is inserted into the end of the revision. Working carefully, the central tee is sorted out, where all the drains in the apartment are concentrated.
The place of work has been prepared, you can dismantle them. Since the more cast-iron sewer highway will not be used, you can simply break it with a hammer, and then clean the place of the front of work from construction waste. All plumbing devices with which the sewage system are in contact are removed, including the toilet and a plum tank.
The location of new plumbing items is indicated on the walls.
Now it is necessary to disconnect the pipe branching and the riser. At a distance of 13-15 cm, two “pockets” are sprinkled from one another from the other. In one of them, in the far from the riser, the wedge is inserted. The pipe completely leaves, the remaining section is simply broken out.
The remaining fragment of the pipe is very neatly extracted from the riser. To do this, you will have to bother the withdrawal at the site of it along the contour.
Pipe wiring, the removal of the toilet to be thoroughly cleaned from the inside, block with a rag.
You can resume the water supply.
Further repair of sewage pipes, their disassembly, continue from the longest point.
Sewer pipeline and other elements
Installation of sewers with a final option is to be connected to the triple cast -iron wiring of 100 mm PVC pipe from the plum of the toilet. In the same tee, it is necessary to collect the discharge of the drain of the cranes and the cup bowl. You just need to insert the end of each pipe into the bell in the direction of the reverse movement of the effluents. The pneumatic tan is extracted, and instead of it the hole is sealed with a twisted lid. Fastards in the form of brackets with a rubber lining fix the pipe in the right position.
The new pipe system is installed directly on the spot by the method of adjusting the previous pipe and connections. At the same time, there must necessarily be on its edges marks, serving as a pipe element in the output pipe, and extra centimeters of the material are cut off exactly in size with the performance of perfect sections and removing chamfers. In case of satisfactory assembly, the joints and connections are sealed with a thin application of the alkaline and acidic environment of the seal: silicone – for polychlorvinyl pipes, polyurethane or silicone for the propylene line. The entire pipeline is fixed in the identical manner of the identical manner. The sink, toilet, bathtub, pr are put in their places., According to the instructions, they are connected to the system.
Important: all plumbing elements (except, perhaps, washing machine) must be connected through a siphon. The air gap formed in it will reliably protect the return move from the sewer line of unpleasant odors to the apartment.
In conclusion, everything should look like this
The joint of sewer networks with a ventilated riser is performed. The fully assembled and connected system in working condition is checked for the presence of leaks. The bath of the bath is filled to the edges of the water so that the liquid goes into the overflow. Having removed the cork, plugging the drain hole, organizing the supply of water from all the taps, the joints are carefully monitored: there should be no traces of flowing water on the floor. A video that can be easily found in general access allows you to clearly demonstrate the phased installation of water supply and sewage in the apartment.
Prevention: Simultaneous and effective way of functioning of the sewage system
In order not to do the “dirty” business, or at least to maximize the unconscious period, you should periodically clear the system in one of the methods available to everyone:
Mechanically using a conventional cable. At the same time, it is important to completely close the drain hole with a rubber tip and “drown” it in a small amount of water. Having installed the device vertically, 10-15 moves from the bottom up the air is pumped up, not allowing the torn of the rubber edges from the surface. Then, putting the effort, abruptly tear off the cable. The rubber hemisphere extracts all the garbage from the drain under the influence of discharge.
Chemical. The necessary components (soda and vinegar) can be easily found in each kitchen. 250 g Nahco3 is poured into the plum of the bath, sink, washbasin. Next in the same amount vinegar is poured there. A stormy chemical reaction occurs, by -products of which can splash out of the drain. You need to wait for its termination, and then wash off a large amount of water, decomposed fat traffic jams. When using special cleaning products from the retail network, you need to follow the instructions for their use.
Thermal. Effective with small traffic jams. It is easy to perform: a large amount of boiling liquid is poured until the blockage melts and the inner surfaces of the pipes are cleared.
Hydrodynamic. A special compact light technical device, creating the necessary increased pressure of the water mass, pushes any deposits from the walls of the pipes of the most complex wiring into a common collector.
Remember that repairs in many cases can be avoided if the prevention of the sewage system in your apartment is carried out on time. But if, after all, you will have to do this not very pleasant business, follow the instructions, observing the safety preca.
