Wood and stone are traditional building materials, but people since ancient times have been in search of new substances and compositions that make their buildings stronger and more durable. Cement -like compositions were already known to ancient builders. They were used for plaster, with masonry, etc. D. However, before the cement that we know now, these imperfect compositions had to go a long way.
Modern foreign and domestic manufacturers (“Sebryakov -cement”, “Euro -cement” and others.) offer many brands and cement classes with the addition of plasticizers that improve the operational characteristics of the mixture. And as it was before? The word “cement” itself has Latin origin and means “broken stone”. The first of the first the unique properties of natural minerals were noticed by the Romans. They noticed that if the volcanic ash is added to the lime, after kneading with water and hardening the mixture, an extremely solid substance resembles a stone. They began to use it in the construction of residential and household structures, roads, all known water pipelines.
With the onset of the Middle Ages, ancient knowledge was lost, but gradually people noticed that the deposits of limestones polluted by clay have special strength and water resistance, even surpass the famous Roman composition in operational characteristics.
Until the 19th century, scientists experimented with a cement recipe, introducing and replacing the ingredients with various mineral inclusions. All this happened before the moment when scientists realized the need to use high temperature (about one and a half thousand degrees Celsius) of the firing of the mixture. It is under this condition that lime and oxides interact in such a way that the finished composition has strength and water resistance. The famous chemist, Honored Professor Alexei Romanovich Shulyachenko made a great contribution to domestic developments.
The following varieties of cement are now distinguished: Portland cement with a predominance of alit (three -calcium silicate); alumina composition based on alumina and calcium aluminum; Magnesial, with a predominance of magnesite.
There are also mixed varieties and acid -resistant compositions. Material for the manufacture of concrete and structures from reinforced concrete, hydraulic structures located in fresh water and saturated with minerals. In addition, they use the material in road construction, in the production of plastering and masonry mixtures. Various plasticizers and additives give mixtures frost -resistant, hydrophobic properties, allow you to quickly and conveniently apply them to the surface.
