The warm floor in the apartment is comfort and comfort, these are healthy children, saving thermal energy and finance for its payment. These are always dry walls, the absence of a fungus, normal humidity in the room. Когда возникает разность давления в квартире и на улице, теплый воздух из помещения уходит через щели, неплотности, поры наружу, уступая место холодным массам. Sources of losses can be ceiling, walls, and floor. The cold flooring provokes a vertical temperature difference, while warm masses accumulate at the top of the room, and the cold air entering through the floor accumulates below. Ideally, you need to strive to ensure that this difference is not at all or it was minimal. To do this, you need to perform high -quality floor insulation in the apartment. The solution of this issue is relevant for residents of the apartments of the lower floors, where the cold comes from the ground or the non -heated basement.
You need to know how to warm
There are a lot of materials, all of them can be classified by the manufacture as natural and artificial, but the most “running” are considered:
Ceramzit
Extruded polystyrene foam
Foam
Izolon, Penophol
fiberglass
Stone cotton wool
granular slag and others.
Foam – leads in popularity among thermo -insulating materials
When choosing one or another method of insulation, a number of factors must be taken into account
The location of the apartment in the intra -layer. The first floor, fall or base under the floor requires mandatory complex thermal insulation. An apartment surrounded on all sides with such living boxes can be isolated below only with insulated coatings (traffic jam, linoleum, pr.).
Physical wear and structural features of the house itself. The old dilapidated housing stock requires significant funds and materials for repair work, which is not so relevant for the new building. There is enough floor covering with insulation, while in the first version without multi -layer thermal insulation “pie”, concrete screed is not possible.
Environmental temperature and humidity indicators in a given area.
The quality of the insulation and the correctness of its choice, taking into account such operational characteristics as hygroscopicity, thermal conductivity, hardness, pr. These characteristics must be known for the correct calculation of the size of the insulation layer.
Note: all calculations and parameters of insulation, the procedure for performing a particular type of work are set out in SP 23-101-2004 “Design of thermal protection of the building”, SP 31-105-2002 “Foundations of the basement of the basement on the ground”.
An accurate indication for those who will perform the floor insulation with their own hands, what thickness the insulation layer will be in a particular apartment, does not exist. But it is useful to know the thermal conductivity coefficient for the most characteristic materials: concrete (screed and floor) – 1.69; linoleum – 0.38. The least costly and easy-to-execution are the insulating decorating coatings of the chipboard, carpet, linoleum, fiberboard slabs that do not need additional decoration.
Keramzit: Easy Environmentally friendly insulation for the floor
Expanded clay insulation can be performed very quickly – the technology is very simple and understandable
The most affordable way, bulk, not requiring special devices and tools, is considered to be insulation of the floor with expanded clay. Perhaps that is why a novice builder with small professional skills can cope with him.
Attention! 30 mm – it is precisely such a thickness of the screed, but no less, it should turn out after pouring the solution. Therefore, it is very important to consider the height of the ceiling in the apartment with the embankment method.
The heat insulator is the best suited when generally aligning the floor surface at one level in all rooms of the room. In apartment boxes, a clamp with expanded clay, possessing insignificant specific gravity, does not create a load on the floor slabs.
The sequence of work is as follows:
Using the level, apply marking for alignment on the walls.
Perform flooring, fill out visible defects, chips with a solution.
Identify the largest point on the floor and install metal guides (beacons) on the longitudinal or transverse direction, dividing the room into sections. Between the dividing borders in the future, expanded clay will be packed and compacted. For the exhibition of lighthouses at the desired height, a stand is used – a wooden lining of the corresponding thickness. Two -meter level all beacons are aligned in one plane.
On the areas whose borders are indicated by beacons, expanded clay with the thickness of the layer that does not reach its upper border to the edge of the lighthouses, about 20 mm. It is this amount of material that is necessary for a high -quality screed filling. So that it turns out to be even, burned clay balls evenly and loosely distributed over the surface of the floor base.
In order to avoid further formation on the screed of cracks and chips, as well as to strengthen the expanded clay base, granules are treated with a special solution-a liquid fraction of the cement-sand mixture, the so-called “cement milk”. The composition is prepared by the “poke” method. Having taken as a basis the proportions of cement and sand conventional for screed, they begin to experiment with the amount of water. It should be in the “milk” exactly so that the granules poured with a mixture, as it were, swim in the solution, do not hold it on the surface, did not let it through, as through the sieve, through themselves, namely, they were in it. The flooded space must be left to dry at least 24 hours to get high -quality floor filling.
A cement-sand mortar is prepared from high-strength cement M400 and clean construction sand in a 1: 3 proportion. In this case, the sequence is important: the mixture is poured into the water, and not vice versa. Thoroughly and repeatedly the solution is mixed. Instead of water, use PVA glue diluted in water. In this dairy color, the solution is filled up and the mixture.
The construction product with the help of the cell will be evenly distributed (stretched) by the floor, t. e. The screed is performed.
The best insulation for the concrete floor in the apartment: Foamyx
Scheme of the penis with concrete base
Supporting the floor of foams. Firstly, light plates do not create an extra load on the base; Secondly, the special components make it almost non-combustible; Thirdly, the foam is easily processed with conventional tools (knife, drill, screwdriver, jigsaw); fourthly, has a low thermal conductivity; fifthly installed quickly and simply.
Concrete floor insulation: what for what
Prepare the surface, having previously removed the old coating, remove construction garbage.
According to the instructions for the composition used, gnaw the floor. The surface should dry well for 6-10 hours.
Indicate the measurements measured by the level of heights.
To align the floor, pour the existing chips, potholes with a depth of more than 0.5 cm with a start solution.
Make the finish.
Polyethylene coating, a kind of steam – and thermal insulation, is laid in stripes with an overlap of 10cm. The walls also need to create the same film supply.
Foam tilts with a density of at least 100 microns, taking into account the existing grooves and mounts, manually are tightly laid on the film. If necessary, foam fragments are removed with a knife.
As an external finish coating, you can choose natural material from a compressed dense chip – OSB plates. With seeming lightness, such a coating, in fact, can withstand heavy loads; It is strong and durable.
The walls are driven by wedges about 0.5 cm thick.
If necessary, the slabs are brought to the desired size using an electrician and, strictly perpendicularly laid the foam, are tightly laid around the entire perimeter, after which they are fixed with dowels. They ate the joints of the OSB stamps after the trimming turned out to be clumsy, you need to remove the excess thickness with a shirt.
Places of clogging dowels are disguised as liquid nails, and wedges are removed.
The floor surface is prepared for laying the flooring. In this case, the gaps should be observed between it and the adjacent walls. And to fix the baseboard either only to the wall, or exclusively to the floor: this is how the noise -cooing effect increases, while the skirting board is not a bridge of sound spreading.
Wooden floor in the apartment: warm according to the rules
First, the following statement must be accepted as an axiom: if the old wooden floor has signs of rot, damage pests, you need to completely dismantle all the wooden components and replace it with new ones.
Old “classics” – a tree on the floor – not so rare in our apartments. Moreover, many residents do not want to change it to artificial, even effective, but, nevertheless, artificial materials. However, over time, the boards begin to creak, shake, which means that the floor loses its tightness and passes heat. It is necessary to perform high -quality insulation of the wooden floor in the apartment.
In most cases, a wooden floor pie in most cases consists of a concrete floor slab, on which wooden lags are located – transverse beams that hold the flooring of the floor from the boards. This is the laying layer and you need to dismantle. A heater (polystyrene, mineral wool, polystyrene foam, and other.), having previously repulsed all the joints and leaks.
Vapor barrier protection is laid on top of the insulation, fixed on the logs of bar 20×30 or 30×30. For tightness, the joints of insulation are glued with tape. At the very end, the main coating is laid.
Information: polyethylene protection protects a wooden coating from decay when moisturizing the heat -insulating layer.
Why insulate the floor screed?
The floor screed implies the thermal insulation layer
The issue of insulation of apartments of the first floors is associated with heat loss through the floor if there is a cold basement under them. Therefore, insulation of the screed of the parances of a significant degree reduces the dispersion of heat into the environment. On the other hand, insulation under the screed is relevant when designing a “warm floor” system, when all heated air should be directed to useful work: heating the floor and the whole house. Thermal insulation of the intermediate layer between the base and the finished flooring of the floor should be carried out on an even base. First, laying the insulating layer, on it – polyethylene. Tight installation of the reinforcing mesh is carried out. The whole “pie” is filled with a screed. Thermal insulation in the form of expanded clay, foam, mineral wool, granular foam for screed is characterized by a high degree of sound permeability.
Gender insulation by spraying
Compounds of this type of protection solve the tasks of not only insulation, but also wind protection, steam and waterproofing, sound permeability of any surfaces. With the very simple application of the foamy composition, its “body” penetrates into all microscopic cracks, voids, cracks, creating reliable seamless protection from the penetration of cold and condensate formation. Light insulation “does not press” on the design with its weight and does not require additional materials, fasteners and tools. When interacting with metal parts of structures, foam insulators also serve as a protective layer from corrosion. Characterized by strength and durability.
As you can see, there are several ways to reduce heat loss through the floor. To choose your own version with a concrete apartment, you need to have a baggage of theoretical knowledge, get acquainted with normative literature, as well as watch a video on this topic. And then, seeming at first glance, insurmountable insulation of the floor with their own hands will become clear and feasible.
