If the nature of the territory where the housing house is located, and the presence of capital does not limit you with the choice and acquisition of the necessary materials, it is better to dwell on a particularly perfect sewage embodiment according to the septic tank + well for filtering.
But the obstacle to the structure of the well becomes a large level of soil waters: they are able to mix with wastewater, and the result will not be achieved. In this version, by installing a septic tank (containers for filtering and upholding the used water) and arranging the filter channels. The most lean option for the arrangement of stack is a garbage pits. Using it, it is necessary to strictly comply with the sanitary standards set by law. These requirements are argued by the fact that with a large level of soil water, there is a threat of water infection for drinking and plants grown nearby.
Further in detail about each of the components of the sewage system.
Septic
Septic tank – a reservoir where filtering and upholding of dirty waters is performed. This is a specialized iron or plastic container. Factory containers for the septic tank are one-, 2-uh-, three-chamber. Manufacturers make containers and to order. Often a septic tank is being built on their own using a lane stone, reinforced concrete, concrete. The surface inside the needlework septic tank is isolated using specialized waterproofing materials that do not miss humidity.
The principle of operation of the septic tank
By the pipeline, waste falls into the first camera, where they are processed by a natural version – bacteria living without oxygen access. Large particles in the first container settle on the bottom and further pump out an automated option. The water, the past moment of rough purification, enters the second chamber through the lock. Here, under the influence of specialized reagents, the decay of particles of home chemistry used, used by a person, is made. From the second chamber, water enters the 3rd compartment, from where it goes to the filter well by the pipeline or, when using the filter channels methodology, is displayed into the soil. Gas collected in the chamber is excreted through a specialized ventilation channel.
Construction and installation of a septic tank
To install a septic tank manufactured at the enterprise, dig a hole. It must be more than the capacity of the size and is placed at a distance of at least 5 m from the house for housing. So that there is no laundry of the septic tank with soil waters on the bottom of the pit put a concrete panel, to which the container is fixed with a steel cable. The distance between the plastic capacity and the walls of the pit must be filled with a mixture of sand and cement. With the independent production of a septic tank using granite, anticipthrrhea and concrete, it is necessary to perform the technology for the production of structures from reinforced concrete under the foundation. In order to do without the help of professionals, it is necessary to be guided by the tips:- Before pouring on the bottom of the foundation, pre-bound reinforcement or specialized reinforcing mesh lies- the bottom of the foundation pit is poured using concrete in terms of the ratio of 3 part of the sand and 1 part of the cement with the addition of the required amount of crushed stone (according to the production technology systems).For the walls of the septic tank, it is most beautiful to use masonry made of brick of silicate or holistic stone. Hydroine protection is supplied due to the masonry thickness not in the brick, and the use of hydroelectric plasticizing additives to concrete mixtures. The surface inside the walls is treated with moisture resistant material: liquid glass or bitumen. Sometimes in the design a sheet metal or slate is used. But the metal asks for work on welding and obeys rust during operation. Slate – insufficiently strong for this mother. The walls of the needlework septic tank can be made entirely of concrete. For the production of the system, wood formwork is placed in the pit at the required distance from the walls, which must be ideal to the maximum. Parallelly reinforcing the monolith, pour the solution between the formwork and the walls of the pit. After the solution is completely solidified, the formwork is disassembled. The placed septic tank placed should adjoin the ventilation hole for the output of methane. Ask how to perform ventilation in a private house in this note.
A well for filtering
For the construction work of the well, specialized rings from concrete of different diameters can be used, but not less than 1 m., Brick silicate, laughter stone, concrete blocks. There may be an option using car, used, large tires, which when installed, fit one on the other and are fastened with a cable or reinforcement. The depth of the foundation pit for the well is reduced by the level of soil waters. The diameter of the pit must be more than the diameter of the concrete ring by 60 – 80 cm. The bottom of the pit should be concreted so that the contour of the ring, lowered into the pit, relies on a concrete surface, and the center of the pit was not a pouring a solution of cement. Each next ring is placed using a cement mortar. The bottom of the well and the distance between the rings and the walls of the foundation of the foundation of the foundation are sleeping with rubble, brick (waste) or concrete blocks (waste). This protects tightening and clogging with silt holes in the walls made for stack of water. The number of holes is free and will depend on the volume of liquid drained into the sewer. Their diameter 5-8 cm. Pipe for draining, the main from the septic tank, is introduced into the well through the hole made in the ring. The edge of the pipe is obliged to move away from the wall by at least 10 cm to eliminate erosion. The well is covered with a concrete lid with a hole and a hatch for a ventilation pipe. You can use a finished factory concrete product. If the construction of a filter well is unrealistic, the filter channel lays down. Before weching pipes for sewage, from the septic tank in the direction of the structure one or more trenches rummage. They put pipes with a large number of small holes in them. The liquid from the septic tank enters the perforated pipes, from which, having passed the final cleaning, it flows into the soil.
The garbage pit
The garbage pit is a very simple structure. For construction work, they use materials that for the well and septic tank, but no holes must be. The process of filtering is not performed in the pit. The waste in it is only gathering and restrained, and should not fall into the soil. The content of the pit is pumped out by a special machine and is taken out to the designated places.
Features of installation work of the output design
When equipping the sewage system according to the septic tank + well for filtering pipe from the house, lead to a septic tank. From the septic tank, a defended and completed stage of the first filtration of water through the pipes is allocated to the well, from where it falls into the soil. Pipes for the removal of sewer water should be laid at a depth of at least 80 cm from the plane of the earth. This kind of depth of laying a sewage pipe is needed to prevent it from freezing in winter. By mounting the pipeline, it is necessary to execute the angle of slope in the direction of runoff. What is the bias of the sewer pipe especially optimal, it will be necessary to calculate, but not less than 2 cm per meter linear pipes. On the bottom of the trenches where the pipes are put, sand is poured – this prevents the deformation of plastic during the shedding of the soil. After laying the pipe, it is also necessary to fall asleep with a sand layer, then with earth. A couple of decades ago, metal pipes were used in the sewers, for the adhesion of which welding was used. Now pipes for sewage of various diameters are made of plastic (PVC). Their satisfactory is performed by a faster, and reliable, bastard option. Sewer wiring in a private house is done using connectors, knees, adapters and tees at the junction site. In devices and pipes, specialized grooves are provided for their salivation, where sealing rings made of rubber are placed. Combining parts, sometimes they use silicone for fidelity to Pacley Flax, which can be purchased in a construction store. This option or the use of specialized reinforcement makes it possible to avoid leakage. Through a clear distance, it is recommended to install the tee connector with the output of the pipe to the plane – this provides the possibility of cleaning the drain in the pollution version.
Technology, tools, materials
For sewer arrangements of a large private structure, a technique is used:
excavator;
bar;
digging drill;
Crane for installation to use use.
But the junction of the walls of the pit can be performed exclusively by hand. If you have to use a lot of concrete solution, you should worry about concrete or order a prepared solution. The installation will require the mason tools. The performer is used to make holes in the floor of the house for housing or in ceilings, if the structure has more than 1 floor, in the foundation at the place of pipe output. This tool is made of small diameter holes in the walls of the filter well and the filter channels. A fragment of the pipe of the required length can be cut off with a simple hacksaw for metal or grinder.
Septic tank for a private structure
